Thus, the Gestalt principle of similarity benefits visual perception, but it can provide benefits to VWM as well. In short, the VWM performance benefit derived from similarity was constrained by spatial proximity, such that similar items need to be near each other. Experiment 2 replicated and extended this finding by showing that similarity was only effective when the similar stimuli were proximal. The principle of similarity grouping the elements by size is another cornerstone in creating intuitive and user-friendly interfaces as it establishes the basis for strong visual hierarchy supporting users. Experiment 1 established the basic finding that VWM performance could benefit from grouping. Basically, Gestalt is the term that comes from the German word Gestalt talt meaning «shape, form». Here, we investigated whether grouping by similarity benefits VWM. The 6 Gestalt principles Similarity The Gestalt principle of similarity states that humans will naturally group any items we look after spotting similarities between them. However, one prevalent Gestalt principle, similarity, has not been examined with regard to facilitating VWM. Six commonly used Gestalt principles today include similarity, continuity, closure, proximity, figure-ground, and symmetry. This introduces the question, do these perceptual benefits extend to VWM? If so, can this be an approach to enhance VWM function by optimizing the processing of information? Previous findings have demonstrated that several Gestalt principles (connectedness, common region, and spatial proximity) do facilitate VWM performance in change detection tasks (Jiang, Olson, & Chun, 2000 Woodman, Vecera, & Luck, 2003 Xu, 2002, 2006 Xu & Chun, 2007). ![]() Visual perception processing is facilitated by Gestalt principles of grouping, such as connectedness, similarity, and proximity. Visual working memory (VWM) is essential for many cognitive processes, yet it is notably limited in capacity.
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